E-Bike Road Rules

If you’ve been out and about lately, you might’ve noticed more and more people zooming by on something that’s not quite a motorbike but not an actual bicycle, either. They’re called e-bikes, or electric bicycles, and they seem to be everywhere.

In fact, earlier this year, the state of New Jersey issued updated e-bike laws to keep up with their increasing popularity. It’s not just common-sense stuff, either. Because e-bikes fall somewhere between traditional bicycles and motorized vehicles, they come with some rules of their own. So, if you aren’t familiar with them yet, now is a great time for a review.

Here’s everything you need to know about owning and riding an e-bike in New Jersey.

Not All Bikes Are Created E-qually

“E-bike” is a broad term for bicycles with pedals and an electric motor, but New Jersey rules differ depending on the type of e-bike you ride.

• Some e-bikes provide motor assistance only while you pedal, while others use a throttle.  
• New Jersey distinguishes between low-speed electric bicycles and faster motorized bicycles, which can provide assistance up to 28 mph.  
• Motorized bicycles have additional requirements, including insurance, while low-speed electric bicycles do not.  
• E-bikes must be registered with the New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission (NJMVC)

The “E” Doesn’t Stand for “Everyone”

Before you ride, make sure you meet New Jersey’s age, licensing and registration requirements.  

• Riders must be at least 15 years old.  
• Riders must have a valid driver's license or an e-bike license issued through the NJMVC.  
• If you don't already have a driver's license, getting an e-bike license involves obtaining a permit, passing a knowledge test, practicing and passing a road test.

E-Bike Road Rules

If you and your e-bike meet all of the state guidelines, you might think you’re ready to hit the road – but there are still a few specific rules you need to know before you take off.  

• Wear a helmet. New Jersey's current e-bike requirements specifically require helmets for e-bike riders.  
• Follow traffic laws just as other bicycle and vehicle users must. This includes obeying traffic signals and signs and riding in the same direction as traffic.  
• Use lights at night. A bicycle being ridden at night must have a white front light and a red rear light visible from at least 600 feet.  
• Have working brakes capable of stopping the bicycle effectively.  
• Use a bell or other audible warning device that can be heard from at least 100 feet away.  
• Yield to pedestrians. Bicyclists must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians.  
• Be careful about where you ride: certain roads, highways, trails, sidewalks and other areas may have restrictions depending on the type/class of e-bike and local rules.  
• Faster Class 3/motorized bicycles cannot be operated on interstate highways or public highways with posted speed limits over 50 mph.

Pro Tips for Pedalers

These tips may not be required by law, but they’re still crucial to keep in mind before you hop on an e-bike.  

• Start slowly and practice braking, turning and controlling the motor before riding in traffic. Remember that e-bikes are heavier and can travel faster than ordinary bicycles, so give yourself extra stopping distance.
• Ride predictably and avoid sudden swerving or braking. Use hand signals when turning or changing lanes.  
• Stay visible. Consider reflective or brightly colored clothing if riding at night.
• Watch for cars turning across your path, especially at intersections.
• Don't use your phone while riding and keep both hands available for controlling the bike whenever possible.
• Check your tires, brakes, chain, lights and battery before riding.
• Don't carry passengers unless the e-bike is specifically designed and legally equipped for passengers.
• Slow down around pedestrians, children and other cyclists, especially on shared paths.
• If a traffic situation is beyond your experience or comfort level, stop, dismount and walk the bike rather than making a risky maneuver.

For more information about operating an e-bike in New Jersey, visit NJMVC.gov. For rough rides, scrapes, bruises and more, visit an AtlantiCare Urgent Care near you.